Day 39

The more I study Urdu, the more I fall in love with it. And mind you, in terms of knowledge, I am still in the kindergarten stage. After some thought, I have decided that it is not just the sounds which appeal to me (although, no doubt, they are most pleasing, being almost feathery, yet lambent). It is the shapes! The lines, the curves, the near-spheres, the almost-triangles! The points, oh, the points, or what are called ''nuqtaas''.
But I digress.
Since my last post (of day 38), we have moved out of the sphere of the alphabets and moved into the world of special signs. Today, it is the turn of the "jazm" (जज़्म). This is a special sign, like an inverted "V", used as a superscript. This is a sign whose use corresponds with the half-letters of Hindi/Devnaagri. It is placed over a letter to indicate that there is a quiescence or that no vowel follows the preceding consonant.
Here is how the "jazm" is written, along with a word which contains it: "dard" (which means ''pain"):


Here is a ghazal which contains the word "dard", penned by that wonderful bard, Amjad Islam Amjad:
Chaand ke saath kaii dard puraane nikale
kitne gham the jo tere gham ke bahaane nikale

Listen to this ghazal, rendered so wonderfully by the late Jagjit Singh:



Day 38

Having covered the gamut of Urdu alphabet, we now turn towards certain special characters. Today, it is the turn of ''hamzaa'' (pronounced "हम्ज़ा" in Devnaagari). This is something between a real letter and a diacritic sign. It is used as a character to indicate the boundaries between two vowel sounds where there is no intervening vowel sound. It is used in conjunction with "wao" و; with "Badi yeh" ۓ; with "Chhoti yeh" ئ; with "Chhoti hey" ۂ‎.  

"Hamzaa" sometimes needs a "chair" to carry it, and at other times, you simply place it above a vowel. The "chair" isn't needed when the last vowel is "wao"  و.The different ways of writing it are as below: 




Here is my attempt at writing two words. In the first, "ghaiib" ("invisible", or "missing"), you will notice the hamza in the medial position. In the second word "charpaii" (literally, ''four-legged", but really "bed"), the hamza is placed over the chhoti yeh in the final position.


Sorry, the words are so humdrum that I could not find any piece of verse or song to match them!